En christō and en kyriō do not have a single technical meaning. In some instances the phrases are used instrumentally under the influence of the Hebrew preposition b (cf. Rom. 1:2, 17; 5:2, 15, 21; 10:6, 9; 12:13; 15:30; 1 Cor. 11:25).11 The instrumental, or causal, use is clearly evident in the statement that “in Christ God was reconciling the world to himself” (2 Cor. 5:19),12 where “in Christ” is indistinguishable from “through Christ.”13 Indeed, “in Christ” (en christō) is often used with the
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